As the race for high capacity and higher bandwidth transport networks heats up, there is a strong desire to find a true alternative to fiber. One promising contender is a true hybrid solution, that fully integrates millimeter wave and Adaptive Optics (AO) technologies in a single system.
Before we discuss AO, some background information is warranted on the origins of AO Free Space Optics (FSO). FSO is a laser driven technology which uses light sources to send and receive information through the atmosphere, somewhat similar to fiber transmission which also uses light sources but transports them through a fiber optic cable. FSO has some key advantages, the obvious ones being high capacity wireless technology, exemption from spectrum regulation and quick installation cycles. On the negative side, FSO systems are impacted significantly by atmospheric scintillations in addition to weather conditions such as fog, dust, and others impacting visibility. Such atmospheric distortions have an adverse effect on traditional and most FSO systems limiting their reachability, i.e. distance, and more critically impacting the availability of the FSO link. These limitations have sidelined FSO from being a leading contender for mass commercial deployments.
Fast forward to Adaptive Optics . AO is a technology that not only improves the performance of standard FSO but also overcomes the key limitations described above. AO reduces the effects of wave-front distortions which are typically caused by atmospheric turbulence and scintillations. The atmospheric turbulence and scintillations occur on a daily basis due to the temperature gradients at various layers of the atmosphere. AO corrects the wave-front by sensing the distortion using a wave-front sensor and correcting it in real time. This results in a very tightly collimated optical beam that can travel almost 100 to 200 times the distance of a standard FSO.
This innovative AO technology, when coupled with another complementary wireless technology, overcomes all the major issues of standard FSO. The resulting hybrid wireless transport system enables high capacity date rates over long distances with 99.999 % availability.




